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Pune derives its name from Punya Nagari, or the city of virtuous deeds. Pune started out as Punya-Vishaya or Punak Vishaya — an agricultural settlement in AD 937.[3] By the 13th century, it had come to be known as Kasbe Pune or Punavadi when under the Sultan rule. It was known alternatively as Poona by the British; but it has regained prominence as "Pune" in the past few years.
The original agricultural settlement had become known as Punnaka by the 8th century. The earliest evidence (copper plates dating 758 AD and 768 AD) reveals that this region was ruled by the Rashtrakutas. The Pataleshwar rock-cut temple complex in the middle of the city was built in this era.
Pune came under Mughal rule in the 17th century.
Until circa 1818, it continued to be ruled by various dynasties, especially the Nizamshahi Sultans, Mughals, and the Marathas. During the mid 17th century it became the temporary residence of the Maratha King Shivaji. Maximum Peths (sections) of the city have established during Shivaji Raje’s Period like, Guruwar, Somwar, Ganesh, Ghorpade later during Peshwa period Peths like Sadashiv, Narayan, Rasta and Nana Peths were developed. In 1749 A.D, it gained prominence as the capital of the Peshwa, prime minister of the Maratha King Shahu. It was during this period that the city expanded considerably. [4]
Pune is inextricably linked to the life of the Maratha hero and king, Chhatrapati Shivaji. The era of Pune's fame began when Chhatrapati Shivaji came to stay here with his mother Jijabai in 1635-1657. They lived in a mansion known as "Lal Mahal," a monument can be visited at its original location in the city. According to local lore, the Kasba Ganapati Mandir, regarded as the presiding deity of the city (gramadevata), was built by Jijabai.[5]
Shaniwar Wada
Shaniwar Wada
In the early 18th century, prime minister of Chhatrapati Shahu, Peshwe Baji Rao I wanted to make Pune his home, which was agreed to by the king. He built his palace on a slightly raised ground near the Mutha river. The fortified palace is known as Shaniwar Wada. Shaniwar Wada is considered by many to be the focal point of the old city of Pune. It was during the Peshwa period that Pune became virtually the Capital of India and center of peshwa rule that extended from Pune to Attock in Pakistan and Pune soon rose to prominence.
A historical fort at Kharda commemorates the Battle of Kharda fought between the Maratha Confederacy under the Peshwa at Poona and the Nizam of Hyderabad, in 1795. After this event, the Maratha Confederacy started disintegrating and internal strife was evident in many incidents, for example the Battle of Poona in 1802 which took place near Pune between Hadapsar and Loni.
Places to visit
Lonavla & Khandala
Sinhagad
Matheran
Mahableshwar
Panchgani
Lohagad & Visapur Forts
Rajgad Fort
Pratapgad Fort
Purandar
Torna
Bhimashankar Temple
Dehu
Karla Caves
Bhaja Caves
Bedsa Caves
Alandi
Jejuri
Ashtavinayaka
Shaniwar wada
Saras Baug
Raja Kelkar Museum
Aga Khan Palace
Parvati Hill & Temple
Vishrambaug Wada
Osho International Meditation Resort
Katraj Snake Park
Konark Park
Mahatma Phule Wada
FTII
NDA
Pataleshwar Caves
Tribal Museum
The Bund Garden
The Pune University
Shinde's Chhatri
Pune experiences three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Typical summer months are from March to May, with maximum temperatures ranging from 30 to 38 °C (85 to 100 °F). Contrary to most of the Deccan Plateau where May is the warmest month, the warmest month in Pune is April. The city often receives locally developed heavy thundershowers with sharp downpours in May. Though the temperatures plunge in this month, the summer heat accompanied by high humidity can be occasionally quite oppressive. Nevertheless, the nights in Pune are significantly cooler compared to most other parts in this region owing to its high altitude.
Monsoon winds blowing from the Arabian sea are a welcome relief in June, bringing with them heavy showers. Pune receives moderate rainfall. The city receives an annual rainfall of 722 mm, mainly between June and September as the result of southwest monsoon. July is the wettest month of the year. Though the rainfall is comparatively lower than in the adjoining Western ghats, steady spells of heavy rain frequently disrupt normal life in the city. The spells of continuous rainfall may stretch to many days or even a few weeks. Pune has, on record, received rainfall for 29 consecutive days (Days when rainfall is greater than 2.5 mm). However, the weather is very pleasant in the city with temperature ranging from 10 to 28 °C (50 to 82 °F).
As the monsoon winds recede, the day temperatures rise again in October with cooler nights signalling the onset of winter. Pune experiences winter from November to February. This is the best season to visit Pune. Pleasant windy days, clear skies and cool nights make it the most enjoyable time of the year. The day temperature hovers around 28 °C (83 °F) while night temperature is below 10 °C (50 °F) for most of December and January, often dropping to 5 or 6 °C (42 °F). On particularly cold days, wind may appear to be very chilly due to the dryness of air. Rain is very rare in this season.
Temperature records: The highest temperature recorded was 110 °F (43.3 °C) on 30 April 1987 and 7 May 1889. The lowest temperature recorded during 1881–1940 was 35 °F (1.7 °C) in 17 January 1935. More recently, Pune recorded a lowest temperature of 2.8 °C on January 1991.[7]
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